High blood lipids – what you should know
Blood lipids, also known as blood fats, play a vital role in our overall health and well-being. They encompass various types of fats, including cholesterol and triglycerides, which are essential for many physiological processes in our bodies. However, an imbalance in blood lipid levels can have a significant impact on our cardiovascular health.
What are Blood Lipids?
Blood lipids are fatty substances found in the bloodstream. They serve as a crucial source of energy for the body and are necessary for the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E, and K). The primary blood lipids include cholesterol and triglycerides, which are transported through the bloodstream by lipoproteins.
What is cholesterol?
Cholesterol is a waxy, fat-like substance that is produced by the liver and obtained from certain foods. Your liver and cells in your body produce about 80% of the cholesterol in your blood. Food brings in the other 20%. It is essential for the production of hormones, vitamin D synthesis, the formation of cell membranes and is used in making bile, which helps in fat digestion. Cholesterol is divided into two main types: low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol.
LDL cholesterol, often referred to as “bad” cholesterol, can build up in the arteries, forming plaques that restrict blood flow and increase the risk of cardiovascular diseases. On the other hand, HDL cholesterol, known as “good” cholesterol, helps remove excess cholesterol from the bloodstream, reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease.
What is triglycerides?
Triglycerides are another type of blood lipid that store excess calories consumed from food. They are derived from dietary fats and are also synthesized in the liver. Triglycerides are the most common type of fat found in the body and serve as a source of energy for muscles.
What is hyperlipidaemia?
Hyperlipidaemia is a condition that incorporates various genetic and acquired disorders that describe elevated lipid levels within the human body. Hyperlipidaemia is extremely common, especially in the Western hemisphere, but also throughout the world. Genetic causes are less common and most cases of hyperlipidaemia are acquired later in life due to an unhealthy diet, certain medications, hypothyroidism, uncontrolled diabetes, and/or a poor lifestyle regimen.
Any sign or symptoms of hyperlipidaemia?
There is usually no sign or symptoms and are usually discovered and diagnosed by simple blood testing. If left untreated, it can lead to other complications or disorders such as acute pancreatitis when the level of triglyceride is extremely high, causing abdominal pain. Very high cholesterol can lead to yellow lumps on eyelid and palm due to cholesterol deposit in the skin.
The Importance of Healthy Blood Lipid Levels
Maintaining healthy blood lipid levels is crucial for cardiovascular health. High levels of LDL cholesterol and triglycerides, combined with low levels of HDL cholesterol, can contribute to the development of atherosclerosis, a condition characterized by the buildup of plaques in the arteries. When there is blockage of an artery, resulting clinical symptoms will be specific to the artery involved such as coronary heart disease, stroke with paralysis, and peripheral artery disease.
When to test for blood lipid levels?
According to the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute of America, a person’s first lipid profile screening should occur between the ages of 9 and 11 and then be repeated every five years after that. They recommend lipid profile screening every 1 to 2 years for men ages 45 to 65 and for women ages 55 to 65. People over 65 should receive lipid profile tests annually. More frequent testing might be needed if your initial test results were abnormal or if you already have coronary artery disease, you’re taking cholesterol-lowering medications or you’re at higher risk of coronary artery disease.
How to maintain a healthy blood lipid levels?
- Adopt a Heart-Healthy Diet: Focus on consuming a diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean proteins, and healthy fats. Limit the intake of saturated and trans fats, as well as cholesterol-rich foods.
- Engage in Regular Physical Activity: Regular exercise can help lower LDL cholesterol levels, increase HDL cholesterol levels, and reduce triglycerides. Aim for at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity aerobic activity each week.
- Maintain a Healthy Weight: Losing excess weight and maintaining a healthy body weight can positively impact blood lipid levels and overall cardiovascular health.
- Quit Smoking: Smoking damages blood vessels and lowers HDL cholesterol levels. Quitting smoking can improve blood lipid profiles and significantly reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease.
- Limit Alcohol Consumption: Excessive alcohol intake can raise triglyceride levels. If you choose to drink, do so in moderation, which means up to one drink per day for women and up to two drinks per day for men.
- Regular Health Check-ups: Regular visits to your healthcare provider are essential for monitoring blood lipid levels and assessing overall cardiovascular health. They can provide guidance on lifestyle modifications and, if necessary, prescribe medication to manage blood lipids effectively.
Conclusion
Blood lipids, including cholesterol and triglycerides, play vital roles in our bodies. However, imbalances in blood lipid levels can significantly impact cardiovascular health. By adopting a heart-healthy lifestyle, including a nutritious diet, regular exercise, weight management, and avoiding tobacco and excessive alcohol consumption, you can maintain healthy blood lipid profiles and reduce the risk of heart disease and stroke. Regular monitoring and consultation with your healthcare provider are crucial for effectively managing blood lipids and promoting overall well-being.
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